iFish6

This essay analyzes the maritime and fishing public management of the aforementioned South American country, their occupational safety and health together with social protection and decent employment both in these areas and their workers and workers, to propose improvements through certain aspects that, if addressed by any public service or official, even from any Latin American nation, could generate a necessary paradigm shift. produce interventions and public instruments or an administrative act in order to achieve efficient and effective government actions on these issues, transcending the Government of the day and the generational change of civil society, in pursuit of the occupational health and safety of its citizens as the sustainable management of aquatic resources, so that they continue to be available for future generations.

The Philippines is a top fishing producing nation, ranking 8th in the global production of capture fisheries and 11th in terms of aquaculture in 2019. The fishing sector significantly contributes to domestic economy and provides livelihoods to more than 2 million small-scale fisherfolk. Meanwhile, the country consistently tops disaster and climate risk indices. Current and predicted effects of climate change to Philippine fisheries manifests as impacts from extreme weather events such as typhoons and flooding that endanger lives of fishers at sea, destroy fisheries production areas, including boats, gears, and community facilities, lead to massive losses of aquaculture stock, and wreck fishing villages and fisheries value chain infrastructure. Slow onset impacts from climate variability like ENSO, warming waters, sea level rise, changes in ocean circulation, and water stress, have been changing the distribution range of exploited fisheries stocks, consequently increasing the degree of uncertainty in estimating stocks for fisheries management, and affecting aquaculture productivity. These impacts have driven climate adaptation policy and interventions from government, civil society, and development partners. These actions span institutional and livelihoods adaptation, as well as interventions that tackle disaster risk reduction and management. The Philippines’ National Climate Change Action Plan includes in its strategies for food security the enhancement of climate resilience of fisheries production and distribution systems, and fishing communities. Fisheries is also now included in the country’s National Adaptation Plan. Further, the government has developed a strategic framework and plan for the disaster risk reduction and climate change action in for fisheries. Among the priority adaptation options in terms of long-term planning for aquaculture development, strengthening early warning systems for fisheries and safety at sea capacities, protection of coastal and marine ecosystems, and the improvement of extension services to increase adoption of climate-smart interventions. The Philippine example showcases the complexities of and opportunities for improving fishing safety in the face of climate change and extreme events in the fisheries sector.

In Sri Lanka, as well as globally, the small-scale fisheries subsector is threatened by high rates of resource exploitation, unregulated technological change, increasing fishing pressure, use of environmentally unfriendly fishing practices, etc., leading to resource degradation, human ill-being and poverty. This has made sustainable management of fisheries resources an urgent need of paramount importance. The national consultations carried out in 12 out of 15 coastal districts, under the implementation of SSF Guidelines project during 2018-2019 period, have made an effort to identify the issues related to sustainable management of small-scale fisheries resources and how they could be effectively addressed by implementing SSF Guidelines in Sri Lanka. The results revealed that the resource management issues are more location specific. However, illegal, and destructive fishing practices, including trawling have ranked top of all issues in almost all areas showing the pervasiveness of these practices. Moreover, increasing fishing pressure and high post-harvest losses were also highlighted as major resource management concerns. Under Sustainable resource management (section 5b), articles 5.13-5.20 call on states and other actors to adopt measures for long term conservation and sustainable use of fisheries resources, while ensuring effective monitoring to eliminate all forms of destructive fishing practices. They further emphasise that the states should encourage small-scale fishing communities to participate and take responsibility in the resource management systems. While the focus and coverage on sustainable resource management in the SSF Guidelines is inimitable, it could be asserted that the effective implementation of SSF Guidelines would be a critical step towards finding solutions for resource management issues in Sri Lankan small-scale fisheries.

Goa one of the smallest states in India is located along the central west coast with coastline of 104 km. The state contributes about 1.85% of the total marine production of 61219 tonnes. The present study was conducted at seven fish markets of the states to access the socio-economic status, anthropometric measurement, morbidity status, hygiene facilities and constraints. Information was collected from 74 retailers comprising 71 female and 3 male retailers. The fish markets under study were namely Vasco fish market, Baina market, Mundvel fish market, Vaddem fish market, Dabolim fish market and Birla fish market. The result showed that the per capita income of the families of women retailers was ₹43027.37 for an average family size of 4 members. The per capita income of women retailers was less than the per capita income at the state level. The maximum expenditure of retailers was on grocery and savings was up to 13% of their total earnings. The majority of retailers used the loan for non-productive purpose. The annual turnover was 1463 kg in terms of volume (₹288374/-). The income inequality measurement with Lorenz curve resulted Gini coefficient of 0.4095 indicating a noticeable level of inequality. The study on occupational status indicated that the 46 % the women retailers were higher BMI and 39% were overweight. 21% of the retailers suffered from back pain followed by joint problems and blood pressure, obesity, stomach gas problems, headache, diabetes. Major constraints faced by retailers were spoilage during storage, high transportation cost, no proper facility for disposal of waste, no proper sanitary facility and unclean surrounding area. Appropriate policy support and interventions are needed for economic upliftment and protect labor rights and promote safe and secure working environments of all the fish retailers predominantly women to achieve sustainable development goals.